UNC - Unified coarse

9/16-12 UNC

Tap drill 31/64" for a 9/16-12 UNC thread - major Ø 14.288 mm, pitch 2.117 mm (12 TPI).

Tap drill
31/64"
12.3 mm · ≈72% thread

Profile

Thread form & key diameters

Major Ø 14.288 mmP 2.117 mm60°Minor Ø 11.691 mm · Pitch Ø 12.913 mm9/16-12 UNC12 TPI · 60° form

Dimensions

Dimensions, drill sizes and wrench sizes for 9/16-12 UNC.
Designation9/16-12 UNC
Major (outside) diameter14.288 mm · 0.5625"
Pitch2.117 mm · 12 TPI
Pitch diameter12.913 mm · 0.5084"
Minor diameter (external)11.691 mm · 0.4603"
Minor diameter (internal)11.996 mm · 0.4723"
Recommended tap drill31/64" · 12.3 mm · ≈72% thread
Clearance holeClose 37/64" · Normal 19/32" · Loose 5/8" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice).
Hex head (across flats)13/16"

Close 37/64" · Normal 19/32" · Loose 5/8" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice).

9/16-12 UNC in numbers

9/16-12 UNC is 0.5625 in across the crests with 12 threads per inch, a 2.117 mm pitch. The basic pitch diameter is 12.913 mm and the bolt's minor diameter 11.691 mm, so the thread is 1.298 mm deep on the bolt. A class 2A bolt is made with its pitch diameter between 0.5016 and 0.5068 in, and a class 2B nut between 0.5084 and 0.5152 in, so even the largest bolt clears the smallest nut by 0.0016 in. The nearest metric size, M14 × 2.0, is 0.29 mm smaller across the crests and its pitch is 0.117 mm finer, so the two do not interchange.

Tap drill by thread percentage

Hole = D − % × 0.0129904 × P, with D = 14.288 mm and P = 2.117 mm. A smaller hole leaves more thread; the recommended 31/64" drill above gives about 72%.

Tap-drill hole diameters for 9/16-12 UNC at several thread percentages.
ThreadHole (mm)Hole (in)Nearest drill
60%12.640.49761/2" (0.5000 in) gives 58%
65%12.500.492131/64" (0.4844 in) gives 72%
70%12.360.486731/64" (0.4844 in) gives 72%
75%12.230.481331/64" (0.4844 in) gives 72%

Class 2A and 2B limits

The commercial fit for 9/16-12 UNC: class 2A for the bolt, class 2B for the nut or tapped hole. Inches.

Class 2A external and class 2B internal limits of size for 9/16-12 UNC.
DimensionMinMax
2A major diameter0.54950.5609
2A pitch diameter0.50160.5068
2B pitch diameter0.50840.5152

Matches the ASME B1.1 class 2A/2B table for this size, as printed in the data sheets of American Fastener (Cap Screws & Bolts - External Threads Class 2A) and American Fastener (Nuts - Internal Threads - Class 2B). Basic pitch diameter E = D − 0.649519 P = 0.5084; the allowance between basic and the 2A limits is 0.0016. The B1.1 formula, class 2A pitch tolerance T = 0.0015 D^(1/3) + 0.0015 √D + 0.015 P^(2/3) with the allowance 0.3 T and the 2B tolerance 1.3 T, gives the same figures for this size. Minor-diameter limits are not given here.

Tightening torque estimate

Target preload is 75% of proof load; torque is estimated from T = K · F · d.

Proof-load preload and estimated tightening torque for 9/16-12 UNC by fastener grade or property class.
Grade / classStress areaPreloadTorque
SAE Grade 20.1819 in²7500 lbf70 lb·ft · 844 lb·in
SAE Grade 50.1819 in²11625 lbf109 lb·ft · 1308 lb·in
SAE Grade 80.1819 in²16350 lbf153 lb·ft · 1839 lb·in

Strengths are SAE J429 for this diameter band. J429 steps down with size: Grade 2 falls to 33 ksi proof above 3/4 in and Grade 5 to 74 ksi above 1 in, so these figures are not the small-size values. The Grade 2 row applies to bolts up to 6 in long; a longer Grade 2 bolt of the same diameter drops to 33 ksi proof.

These figures assume a nut factor of K = 0.20 (dry / as-received steel). K captures thread and head friction and can swing torque by 30% or more - a lubricated joint needs noticeably less. Change the lubrication assumption in the bolt-torque calculator.

Put 9/16-12 UNC on a job sheet

The bolt schedule collects the fasteners for one job onto a single sheet - tap drill, wrench size, grade and tightening torque on every line, taken straight from pages like this one. Free schedules hold 3 lines and are saved in this browser only.

Open bolt schedule

What tap drill do I need for 9/16-12 UNC?

For a 9/16-12 UNC thread, drill the hole with a 31/64" tap drill (12.3 mm) before tapping. That produces roughly 72% thread engagement, the usual target for a strong, tappable hole. The mating bolt has a major diameter of 14.288 mm and a pitch of 2.117 mm (12 TPI).

To pass a 9/16-12 UNC bolt through a part rather than thread it, use a clearance hole: Close 37/64" · Normal 19/32" · Loose 5/8" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice)..

All values come from the standard thread formulas (ISO 68-1 / ASME B1.1) and published standard tables. See the full reference.

Frequently asked questions

What drill size do I need to tap a 9/16-12 UNC thread?

Drill 31/64" (12.3 mm) before tapping 9/16-12 UNC. That leaves roughly 72% thread engagement, the usual target for a strong hole that still taps cleanly.

Is 9/16-12 UNC a coarse or fine thread?

9/16-12 UNC is a Unified coarse (UNC) thread at 12 threads per inch, the default inch series for general fastening in this diameter.

What size clearance hole does a 9/16-12 UNC bolt need?

Close 37/64" · Normal 19/32" · Loose 5/8" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice). A clearance hole lets the 9/16-12 UNC bolt pass through the part instead of threading into it.

How much torque should I use on a 9/16-12 UNC bolt?

Estimated tightening torque for 9/16-12 UNC runs from 70 lb·ft (SAE Grade 2) to 153 lb·ft (SAE Grade 8), targeting 75% of proof load with a dry nut factor of K = 0.20. Lubricated threads need noticeably less torque.

Same diameter

Other 9/16" threads

Closest metric sizes

Metric equivalents for 9/16-12 UNC

Nearest standard metric sizes by major diameter. These are substitutes by size only - the thread forms are not interchangeable, so never run one into the other.

Tightening torque

9/16-12 UNC by grade

Each grade is a row on the torque chart, worked out at four nut factors from the diameter and clamp load, with the figures the published charts print beside it.

Grade markings and strength bands: SAE Grade 2, SAE Grade 5, SAE Grade 8.

Nearby sizes

More unc - unified coarse threads