Dimensions, drill sizes and wrench sizes for 1-12 UNF.
Designation
1-12 UNF
Major (outside) diameter
25.4 mm · 1"
Pitch
2.117 mm · 12 TPI
Pitch diameter
24.025 mm · 0.9459"
Minor diameter (external)
22.803 mm · 0.8978"
Minor diameter (internal)
23.109 mm · 0.9098"
Recommended tap drill
59/64" · 23.42 mm · ≈72% thread
Clearance hole
Close 1" · Normal 1" · Loose 1" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice).
Hex head (across flats)
1-1/2"
Socket key (across flats)
3/4"
Close 1" · Normal 1" · Loose 1" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice).
Tightening torque estimate
Target preload is 75% of proof load; torque is estimated from T = K · F · d.
Proof-load preload and estimated tightening torque for 1-12 UNF by fastener grade or property class.
Grade / class
Stress area
Preload
Torque
SAE Grade 2
0.663 in²
16410 lbf
274 lb·ft · 3282 lb·in
SAE Grade 5
0.663 in²
42269 lbf
704 lb·ft · 8454 lb·in
SAE Grade 8
0.663 in²
59674 lbf
995 lb·ft · 11935 lb·in
Strengths are SAE J429 for this diameter band. J429 steps down with size: Grade 2 falls to 33 ksi proof above 3/4 in and Grade 5 to 74 ksi above 1 in, so these figures are not the small-size values.
These figures assume a nut factor of K = 0.20 (dry / as-received steel). K captures thread and head friction and can swing torque by 30% or more - a lubricated joint needs noticeably less. Change the lubrication assumption in the bolt-torque calculator.
Put 1-12 UNF on a job sheet
The bolt schedule collects the fasteners for one job onto a single sheet - tap drill, wrench size, grade and tightening torque on every line, taken straight from pages like this one. Free schedules hold 3 lines and are saved in this browser only.
For a 1-12 UNF thread, drill the hole with a 59/64" tap drill (23.42 mm) before tapping. That produces roughly 72% thread engagement, the usual target for a strong, tappable hole. The mating bolt has a major diameter of 25.4 mm and a pitch of 2.117 mm (12 TPI).
To pass a 1-12 UNF bolt through a part rather than thread it, use a clearance hole: Close 1" · Normal 1" · Loose 1" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice)..
All values are generated from the standard thread formulas (ISO 68-1 / ASME B1.1) and published standard tables - not hand-entered. See the full reference.
Frequently asked questions
What drill size do I need to tap a 1-12 UNF thread?
Drill 59/64" (23.42 mm) before tapping 1-12 UNF. That leaves roughly 72% thread engagement, the usual target for a strong hole that still taps cleanly.
Is 1-12 UNF a coarse or fine thread?
1-12 UNF is a Unified fine (UNF) thread at 12 threads per inch. Fine pitches have a larger stress area than coarse at the same diameter and suit thin walls, fine adjustment and vibration-sensitive joints.
What size clearance hole does a 1-12 UNF bolt need?
Close 1" · Normal 1" · Loose 1" - nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice). A clearance hole lets the 1-12 UNF bolt pass through the part instead of threading into it.
How much torque should I use on a 1-12 UNF bolt?
Estimated tightening torque for 1-12 UNF runs from 274 lb·ft (SAE Grade 2) to 995 lb·ft (SAE Grade 8), targeting 75% of proof load with a dry nut factor of K = 0.20. Lubricated threads need noticeably less torque.
Nearest standard metric sizes by major diameter. These are substitutes by size only - the thread forms are not interchangeable, so never run one into the other.